Background: Wounds and their healing process are among the most crucial medical issues, especially in the field of dermatology and surgery that imposes notable costs to the health care system. Materials and Methods: Wound healing requires specific fundamental steps, such as angiogenesis and inflammation. Angiogenesis is controlled by different cytokines such as Hypoxia-Inducible Factor α (HIF-α ), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α ), and Matrix MetalloProteinases (MMPs). Results: Celecoxib, an inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), is widely used in medicine and different fields. This medication can inhibit angiogenesis via suppressing all mentioned cytokines. Thus, suppression of angiogenesis by celecoxib, especially in chronic wounds, may result in the poor or delayed healing. Conclusion: Authors suggest complementary clinical studies to evaluate the possible role of celecoxib on the wound healing focusing on angiogenesis.

Objective: Celecoxib is a nonstroidal anti-inflammatory drug .This is a selectiveCox-2 inhibitor.Nowadays this drug uses as an analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent frequently. In some patients that used celecoxib for a long time, unusual effect of this drug may be seen. The goal of this survey is assess the effect of this drug on male-reproductive system functions.Materials and Methods: This survey done for study of effect of celecoxib on rat reproductive system, specially on spermatogenasis and the level of blood testosterone hormone. In this manner histologic studies and measuring of weight (testis, prostate, seminal vesicle and epidydimis) and the level of blood testestron are done. 50 rat with 200-230 gr. weight selected and compared in 5 groups.control group (no drug given), sham group (solvent drug: Di- methyl sulfoxide), 3 cases group (orally celecoxib 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg given daily) for 15 days. In the end of 15 days heart blood sampling for measuring serum testestron level accomplished after that reproductive systems separated and prepared for histologic study.Results: Result showed no significant differences in mean weight of body testis, epidydimis and seminal vesicle in control and case groups. But significant differences are seen in the mean weight of prostate per body weight in case group (40 mg/kg) in compared with control group. That is due to antimalignant effect of celecoxib on prostate. No differences seem between control and case groups in arrangement mode, nuclei shape and cytoplasm in histologic examination in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes in transverse section of seminiferous tubules celecoxib in case group (40 mg/kg) can decrease lydige cells number, that is due to inhibited prostaglandin synthesise, for the result of cox-2 inhibitor and decreased level of testosterone hormone.Conclusion: It looks that number of sertoli cells in control and case groups are differences. So that in case group (40 mg/kg) number of sertoli cells decreased due to decrease testestron level. This can cause production of abnormal sperms. In the survey can conclude that use of high doses of celecoxib can decreased size and number of lydig cells and this is cause of decreased testosterone hormone.

Objective(s): Celecoxib acts through both COX-2-dependent and -independent pathways. According to the paradoxical effect of NO on the inflammatory and nociceptive signal processing, the present study designed to evaluate the probable contribution of NO in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of celecoxib.Materials and Methods: Different intensities of inflammatory pain were induced by acute and chronic sc administration of 1%, 2.5%, or 5% formalin and spectrophotometrical analysis of the serum nitrite was performed. Then, in the pretreatment process, the effect of celecoxib (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg/ip) was evaluated on the inflammatory pain induced-nitrite. Also, the effect of celecoxib alone (under non-inflammatory condition) was evaluated on the peripheral NO production and the results compared with that of the vehicle.Results: Formalin-induced inflammatory pain led to an enhancement of the serum nitrite in intensity- and time-dependent manners. Celecoxib (40 mg/kg/ip), except its ineffectiveness on the nitrite level, induced 1.5 hr after 5% formalin, reduced production of formalin-induced nitrite in other cases. Meanwhile, under non-inflammatory condition, 1.5 hr after the administration of celecoxib (40 mg/kg/ip), a considerable elevation of nitrite was observed. Celecoxib 10 or 20 mg/kg/ip did not show a significant effect on either inhibition or stimulation of the peripheral NO.Conclusion: NO is involved both in the inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. It seems that celecoxib exerts a dual effect on the peripheral NO production; it prevents overproduction of NO due to the induction of inflammatory pain, while, it stimulates NO synthesis at the early stage of its action.

Celecoxib is used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, joint inflammation and sport injuries. Long term administration of the drug results in such complications as gastrointestinaland renal disturbances and cardio-vascular complications. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of delivering celecoxib incorporated in gel formulations by iontophoresis. Sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and carbopol 934P were used to develop topical gel formulations of celecoxib. The gel formulations were evaluated for macroscopic and microscopic properties, pH determination, spreadability, rheological behaviour, and drug release characteristics both in vitro and ex vivo. Drug release was evaluated in the presence of iontophoresis field (0.1 to 0.5 mA/cm2) or without electrical current (passive diffusion) and celecoxib was measured spectrophotometrically at 252 nm. Most gel formulations showed acceptable physicochemical properties. Amongst formulations, gel formulation containing HPMC K4M which indicated greater performance in drug release behaviour was selected for further in vivo studies. The cumulative percent of drug released in vitro at the end of each experiment was 36%, 63%, and 89.7% for passive diffusion, direct electric current (DC) current density of 0.3 mA/cm2, and 0.5 mA/cm2, respectively. The findings of ex vivo drug transport across rat skin also showed a significantly higher release of celecoxib compared to passive flux for both AC and DC currents. A 0.5 mA/cm2 of DC current increased drug flux to 73% compared to 41.5% of passive diffusion. It can be concluded from the results of this study that the application of iontophoresis enhances the flux of celecoxib, as compared to the passive diffusion.